Well equipment.



y producing sanding 'CHN HAHN, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

WELL EQUIPMENT,

Application led January 5, 1917.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOHN HAHN, a citizen Aofthe United States, residingr at Los Angeles,

in the county o'Los Angeles and State of California, have invented a newand useful Well Equipment, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to equipment def signed to pump oil and otherliquid from the earth, and an object of the invention is to ei'ect thepumping and iiowing operation witi minimum disturbance of the oil in thewe Violent disturbance of the oil in a well results in severaltroublesome conditions being established, among these bein liabilityT ofof the well and of the producin strata inthe immediate vicinit of the wel, emulsifying of the oil, and dif culty of pumping the 011 by means ofa pistonuwhen a piston pump is employed inthe we Another object is tocreate a reservoir or reservoirs of oil near the bottom of the well sothat there will be at all times considerable hydrostatic pressureoutward against the oil in the producing strata in order that operationof the pump piston will not produce eX- cessive suction on the producingstrata and thereby allow the hydrostatic pressure in the reducing stratato force quantities of oosened sand, shale and the like into the welland thereby cause the pump and pump tubing to be plugged up by the sand.

W'hen there is no pressure maintained from within the well against theoil in the producing strata, the oil and gas, when the pressure is greatenough, rush out into the Well and upward `to the surface of the earthin a well known manner to produce a sotermed gusher. Such gushing ofth'e well without any control thereover is very detrimental to thepumpin thereof because the velocity ofthe gas an oil is so great thatsaid gas and oil force immense quantities of loosened sand, shale orother debris into the well and pump tubing and clog them up so thatfrequent pulling of the pump and tubing is necessary to clean them out.V

The difference between the atmosphere pressure at the discharge point ofthe well and the pressure of oil and gas in the producing strata is sogreat that when the oil and gas are allowed to freely vent into theSpecification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 11, 1918.

Serial No. 140,717.

well, and therefrom, when the well is a flowing one, the gas expands soeatly on its way out of the well that the o1l is violently agitated thusproducing the troublesome conditions noted above. The oil and gas thusrelieved so quickly of a large percentage of the pressure foams and saidfoam, consisting partly of oil and ossibly some water, sand, shale andthe li e, but mainly gas,

rises in the pump tubing and if the well is t being pumped With'a pistonpump said foam rises in the pump cylmder. It is clear that when the pumppiston is operated it will only be working on a body of foam and conse'quently a very small volume of oil can be pumped,

f A primar object of this invention is to do away witlrt e abovedescribed diiriculties.

Another object of this invention is to effect the foregoing objects by acomparatively simple and inexpensive construction.

Other objects and advantages will be disclosed in the subjoined detaildescription.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention:

Figure 1 is an elevation mainly in vertical mid section of wellequipment embodying the invention, various portions being broken away tocontract the view.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional elevation of the upper portion of theequipment shown in Fig. 1, portions being broken away to contract theview.

Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation on a still larger scale of the equipmentshown in the lower portion of Fig. 1, portions being broken away tocontract the view.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional detail of the piston valve and cage.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional detail of the piston valve seat shown inFigs. 2 and 4.

Fig. 6 is an inverted plan section on line indicated by aia-, Fig. 3.

There is provided well casing 1 havin perforations 2 for the admissionof oil an gas into the casing from the producing strata indicated at 3.These perforations 2 are preferably a substantial distance above the"lower end of the casing and adjacent the upper end of a pump cylinder 4which is accommodated in the downwardly expanding bore 5 of 'a coupling6, said cylinder adjacent said bore 5 having a downwardly reducedportion 7 so that when it is desired to at the upper end of its bore. yis adapted to be engaged by e valve bell 19 vSeid pull the pump thecylinder will readily free itself from sand,

The coupling 6 ie screw thrcudcll onto the pump tubing 8 which extendsunwind inside of the cursing 1 to the surfuce o the cin-th so as lodischarge oil fr-|m thu well.

The cou Img 6 is threaded at its lower end onto t e upper end rf aniinperfornte tubular member 9 `forming an upper annular reservoir 10adjacent and surrounding the ump cylinder 4.r The lo ver ortion 11T ofille ump cylinder l is prefere ly of larger imi e diameter than seulupper portion so as to produce :t clvnrmco space 12 between lowerportion und n pump piston or plunger 18. When tlv` coup ing 6 is inplace it seals the upper und of the chamber or reeerioir 10 formedbetween the pump cylin de' 4 and the imperiornte member 9.

The lower uortiou 11 of .the pump cylinder is providcd neer its upperend with perforat'ons a ard near its lower end with perff r'ftions loallow liquid to flow from the cyli'u'ler to the reef-rvor 10 and fromthe rese: voir to he cylinder. The liquid in the space l2 lubr Cates thefriction surface*l of the piston and cylinder and yet can xfreely escapethrough th holes ar when the pister aseends so as not to interfere withthearirending movement* The pump piston 13 is hollow and is connected bya ho low outlet coupling member 14 to a sucker rod 15 or the equivalentwhereby the piston may be operated.

In the dA awings the sucker rod 15 is hollcr or tubular and is ,providedjust above *he outlet coupling with a perforatjon or peroraions c. Tf-elower end of the piston i 13 ie scre -threaded into n tubular valve cage16 wnich is of somewhat less outside diameter than the inside diameterof the lower portion 11 of the cylinder 4 :md which in turn iescrewthreaded cinto ay hollow seat member 17 having a half-round valveseat 18 and upward movement of said vulve ball is limited by lugs 20projecting inward onthe inside of the tubular cage 16. It is clear thatwhen the iston 13' starts on its up stroke fluid insi e of said pistonwill strike the ball 19 fairly nuits top so :is to force said ball ontoits seat to close the inlet 18. It is clear that by having the clearancespace 12 the ce e 16 may be screw-threaded onto the outsi e of thepiston 13 so that the bore of the valvecage may be a maximumI in orderto permit of maximum How of oil through said cage.

Another advantage of having the clearence space 12 and the cageserew-thrended onto the outside of the iston 'is that the upper end ofsaid cage orms an annular shoulder or projection 21 adapted to engage aprojection or annular shoulder 22 formed by the lower end of the upperportion of the Y '35 provided with n shoulder 36 on which is The Sent 18lugs 24 to limit the upward movement ofy n vulv'e bull '25 adapted toengnr e u sont 26 of a hollow sont member 27 whic 1 is inserted in "helower "nd of the (algo 23 und which is held in Ilm-e by the upper end ofzr dischargel conduit or tail pipe 29 screw-threaded into the lower endof rthe valve cage 23. The lower end of the vulve enge 23 provided witha downwardly reduced portion 29 fitting u oomplementarilv downwardlyrrduced sent 30 of n hollow sent member 31 which is screwethrruded inton hollow couplin 32 that in turn is screw threaded onto t 1e lower endof the lubuhir' member 9. The seat member 3U is thus supportedindirectly by the pump tubing and said seat member detachably supportsthe valve cage 2l) which in turn Supports the pump cylinder. y

he* sont member 31 is provided with downwardly extending arms 33 adaptedto -28 and Said arms ure connected together at their lower ends by nring 34 screw-threaded into the upper end of u coupling member sentedthe lower end of en im erforate tubular member 37, the upper enr of saidtubular member resting against en annular Shoulder 38 of the couplingmember 32. The tubular member 37 1s held in place by reason of the seatmember 31 being connected to the ring 34 by the arms 33.

The coupling 35 and tubular member 37 together with nn imperforetetubular inember 39, which is screw-threuded into the coupling' 35, formen intermediate annuler reservoir 40 surrounding the tail The tubularmember 39 is screw reuded et its lower end into' an upper head 41through which the tail pipe 28 extends, said heed 41 closing the bottomof the. reservoir 40 and the upper end of seid reservoir be l ing closedby the cage 23, Seat member 31 i The lower portion of the tail pipe 2Bis surounded by im Iinner tubular Ymembie 43 all Bllllll perfor itionssp ced alpnrt 'from the tail pipe to iform' l er lower inner reservoir44ji ithe 130 upper end of said tubular member 43 being inserted insideof an annular shoulder 45 of the head 41 and the lower end of saidtubular member being inserted inside of an annular shoulder 46 of alower head 47. The annular member 43 is provided near its lower end andpreferably just above the lower end of the tail pipe 28 withperforations 48 to allow the oil to flow therethrough into the lowerreservoir 44. The lower end of the tail pipe 28 is spaced. from thelower head 47 so that oilcan llow from the loweruportion of thereservoir 44 Aupward through the open lower end of the tail pipe intosaid tail pipe and thence upward to the pump cylinder 4 and intermediatereser* voir 4U and up er reservoir 10.

The annual s oulders 45 and 46 of the upper and lower heads respectivelyare screw-threaded into the upper and lower ends of an outer tubularmember 49 prt vided near its upper end only with erfora'- tions 50aadapted to admit li ui therethrough om the casing into t e annularspace 51 orming a lower outer reservoir 'between the tubular members 43Vand 49.

The tubular member 49 and shoulders 45, 46 thus hold the tubular member43 in place.

The lower head 47 is provided with outwardly projecting lugs 52 adaptedto con tact or nearly contact with the wall of the casing 1 to maintainthe lower head 47 and parts connected therewith centrally of the casing.The head 47 closes the lower `end of the lo er reservoirs 44, 51 andcloses the upper en of a chamber 53 formed partly by the head 47andpartly by an imperlorate tubular member 54 screw-threaded ontothehead 47, said tubular member 54 being open at its lower end.

If for any reason the pump tubing and the parte depending therefromshoul'd drop within the basing, 1t is readily understood that when thetubular member 54 enters the liquid in the well, said liquid will risein the tubular member 54 and adually compress whatever gas or air t ereis in the chamber 53 so as to gradually retard the downward motion ofsaid pum tubing and parts i n order to minimize s ook on the pump tubingand parts connected therewith and thus avoid injuryV thereto. The head47 and tubular member 54 thus form a buoy.

thus releasably and frictionally hold said tail pipe against u wardmovement tending to be given it y the normal upward movement of thepiston when it reciprocates in the pumping operation.

In practice, assumin that the sucker rod l5 is connected to suita leoperating mechanisln, not shown, the oil and gas will enter the casing 1through the perforations 2 and will fill the reservoir 51 and will flowthrough the perforations 48 from said reservoir into the reservoir 44,thus lillin said f reservoir 44. The oil will flow from t e reservoir 44upward into the tail pipe 28 and whatever gas separates from the oil inthe reservoir 44 will find exit through the gas outlets d. The oil willascend in'the tail pipe28 as hi h as the level of the perforations 2 andi there is sufficient gas ressure in the producing strata, said oil wilascend above said level 'and into the pump tubing. Sonie ofthe oil willflow through the perforations 42 so as to lill the intermediatereservoir 40, and some of the oil will flow through the perforations binto the upper rrservoir 10.

If fluctuations in pressure now occur in the'producing strata, becauseof the lowering of pressure therein due to partial relief of saidpressure through the well, the reservoirs 10, 40, 44 and 51 tend tominimize fluctuations in the flow and consequently minimize disturbanceof the oil. The weight of the body of oil in the reservoirs 10, 40, 44and 51 produces pressure outward against the oil and gas in theproducing strata so as to minimize the tendency of the oil and gas toflow in surges, such surges being detrit iental as the produce a 'tationand consefent emulsililcation of t e oil, when Water is present, andsaid surges also lower the pressure at intervals so as to free the lihter gaseous hydrocarbon dissolved in t e oil which is of great value.The surges are harmful for the further reason that they tend to carrygreat quantities of loosened sand, shale and other debris into thecasing and thence into the pump and pump tubmg, thus cloggin the same.

Because of the free gas eing allowed to escape from the oil in thereservoir 44 and because of the hydrostatic pressure of the oil in thevarious reservoirs, the oil as it ascends into the' pump cylinder 4 andenters the piston 13, will be comparatively quiet so that the pumppistou will effectively pump the oil and will not be merely working on abody of gasor body of foam. It is readily understood that the foaming ofthe oil is liable to occur, when provision is not made to prevent it,because of the comparatively sudden and great reduction in pressure ofthe gas and oil in the ordinary well as it leaves the producing strat'-and flows to or is pumped to the surface of the g5. mmubnr in Mdm' t)unimi-.ae stabilisation i'ur maui thv my# attach@ hmm, @he mmkgr wdisly'mil 'he drawn upward mislierwfw '1 -mmbuf with t n www n of 3. Innogahimnn, mvg tunning :L ne erfr hvmg :m inkt., a dssearnrga mnduii. AA y into the munir halma* l'lml, und mma farming a sec-w t ma ehlur ml.mld msm'uh rivm perfnmmnm in the. mnduit. Lining inw um m 4 In melmarmilg u ns;- epvmr haring an inist, mmm. farming Vn mail? n bme likefirst4 named me swap, pump tlhung, an@ means foaming wnhnnusntgmmunia'hnn imam the mt l hemmen secmd resul-mir tubing- .@L, wrpbmtmmean! fnrnng' n m5- ewil.' hrung m ni semnd mm-voir @han W211i: n im r#11111 u www mw"- w'l I BWP am; clljmmluni- `gli mid mamma 8. n ,mbinnoma. pump eymdern i ser 1p anni yw der pm'fid It lhs immer and with 1 plumr vane, aan .impurmwlf tubular mem' r s md und :gul-cumming midcylinder, L gylmer having perfnmtimnspenn lim space hemmen nidcykfnglmam buhsmhr nmmbev heb da phmgqr mkg?,

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between ndimenp a space between a portion of said cylinder and theplunger, meansforming a reservoir around the cylinder, there beingperforations in the cylinder affording communication between said spaceand reservoir below the plunger valve, and a Standing valve affordingcommunication with the lower end of the pump cylinder.

9. In combination, a pump cylinder having an internal shoulder, atubular plunger in the cylinder having a plunger valve at its lower end,there bein a space between the plunger and the portion of the cylinderbelow said shoulder, means formin an external shoulder on the plunger insaidA space,

means forming a reservoir around the cylinder, there being perforationsin the cylinder affording communication between the cylinder and saidreservoir below the plunger valve, and a standing valve affordingcommunicatiori with the lower end of the pump cylinder.

10. In combination, a p ump cylinder having an internal shoulder, aplunger in the cylinder, a valve cage fastened to the lower end of theplunger and forming a shoulder on the outside of the plunger adaptedwhen the plunger is raised above its normal pumping posi-tion to engagethe first shoulder, a seat-forming member, pumptubing connected with theseat-forming member, and a standing valve cage having a seatformingmember and connected with the cylinder, said seat-formino' memberengaging the first named seatormin member.

11. In combination, a pump cylinder having an internal shoulder andhaving perforations adjacent said shoulder, a reservoir outside of thecylinder, a plunger in the cylinder, there being a space between theplunger and the portion of the cylinder below said shoulder, and meansforming an external shoulder ou the plunger in said space.

12. In combination, a pump cylinder havin a perforation and having adownwardly reduced portion, pump tubing, an imperforate tubing outsideof the cylinder, a seat member connected with the imperforate member, avalve cage engaging the seat member and fastened to the cylinder, and aplunger in the cylinder.

13. In combination, a pump tubing, a couplin member fastened to saidpump tubin an provided with an upwardly reduce bore, a cylinder havingan external downwardly reduced portion adjacent the re-V duced boreportion, a plunger in the cylinder, a valve ca e fastened to thecylinder, and a seat mem r engaging said valve cage and connected withthe coupling member.

14, In combination, Va' pump cylinder, pump tubing, means detachablyconnecting the cylinder to the pump tubing, a plunger in the pumpcylinder, and means bo reciprocate said plunger, the lower portion ofsaid pump tubing being of greater diameter than the upper portion ofsaid tubing for a. sufficient length to accommodate the pump cyl- Ainder with substantial clearance between the n cylinder and saidenlarged portion when the cylinder is ulled through said enlargedportion, and t e diameter of the reduced portion of the pump tubingbeing' but slightly greater than that of the cylinder.

15. In combination, pump tubing, an inserted deep well pump frictionallyhoused at the' lower end of the pump tubing, said pump having a cylinderand a plunger therein, there being a space between the cylinder so andplunger, a shoulder on the lower end of the plunger substantiallyclosing the lower iend of said space, there being perforations in thecylinder to supply the space with fluid for fluid packing andlubrication of the pump when the saine is in operation.

16..In combination, a cylinder having an internal shoulder and having aperforation, a plunger in the cylinder, ump tubing, means detachablyconnecting t e cylinder to the pump tubing, a valve cage screw-threadedonto the outside of the plunger and adapted to engage the shoulder todetach the cylinder when said plunger is raised for'that purpose, and areservoir surrounding the pump cylinder.

1,7. In combination pump tubin a, sealing coupling 6 at the lower end oft e pum tubing, a cylinder inserted thro h sai coupling, and a seat forthe cylin er, said coupling being downwardly and outwardly tapered.

18. In combination, a reservoir having a head closing its upper end, atail ipe extending down through Said head into the reservoir, and atubular member extending up from said head, there being inletperforations for the reservoir and a gas outlet perforation in the headcommunicating with the reservoir and there 4being perforations in thetail pipe communicating with the interior of the tubular member.

19. In combination, well casing, pump tubin in said casing, a tubularmember connecte with the ump tubing and provided with an inlet, adischarge conduit connected with the pump tubing and extending into thetubular member, and a head on the lower end of the tubular member havingoutwardly projecting lugs adapted to center the head in the casing.

20. In combination, well casing, pump tubin in said casing, a tubularmember connec with the pump tubing and provided with an inlet, adischarge Vconduit connected with thepump tubingiand extending into thetubular member, a second tubular member, and a head closing the upperend of the -second tubular member and fastened to the with outwardlyprojecting lugs udnpieil io center the head in the easing.

2l. In ,eombinatioin pump tubing, a seal in coupling 6 nt the lower endof the pump tuliing, n sont member below [he Scaling coupling, acylinder having perlomtious near its upper and lower ends und r-.uateilon 'the Seat member, u hollow plunger in the cylinder, and aniinperforute tubular member connecting the eouiling with tu.: mitmember, to form a cham ier or reservoir out side of the cylinder.

22. In combination, pump tubing. :i seuling coupling 6 at tho lowor endof the pump tubing, a sont member below the sealing oouplin, a cylinderseated on the Seat member, a ollow plunger in the cylinder, and animperforate tubular member conneoting the coupling with the sont memberto form a chamber or reservoir outside of the cylinder, there boing nperforf-ition in the fylinder to supply the ehambor with iuiil.

2li. In combination` u lesvl'voir having a head closing itu upp^r end.u` tail ipe extending down through Said head into the rvsrrvoir, atub-ulm' member extendin up from the head, there boing inlet pororations for the reservoir und a gas outlet perforation in tho howlcommunicating with 1hr reservoir and here being a perforation in thetail pipo roun'nunicating with the interior oi the lxboiau membri, acylinder oonnertod with [he tail pipe, und a plunger working in .willcylindvr.

Signed tt Lob Angeles, California, this 29th (luy of December, 1916.

JOHN HAHN lVitneb'ses (lnouoi. ll. Hmm, A. lf. SonMnnnAUmi.

Itis hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,267,964, granted May28, 1918, upon the application of Theodore E. Bisson, of Bellingham,Whshington, for an improvement in Calipers, errors appear in the printedspecification requiring correction as follows: Page 1, lines 27 and 51,for the reference-numeral 1d read 1"; same page, lines 81 and 53, for 2dread 2b; lines 33 and 62, for 2b read 2d; line 37, for 3d read 3b; line55, for 5d, 5d, read 5b, 5b; and line 63, for 3b read 3d; and that thesaid Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein thatthe same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent OHice.

Signed and sealed this 10th day of December, A. D., 1918.

[SEAL] F. W. H. CLAY,

Acting Commissioner of Patents.

